The evolution of bonding in orthodontics.

In the early days of fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment, brackets were welded to gold or stainless steel bands. Before treatment, the orthodontist had to create enough space around each tooth to accommodate the bands, and then those spaces had to be closed at the end of treatment, when the bands were removed. This was time-consuming for the orthodontist and uncomfortable for the patient. Banded appliances frequently caused gingival trauma when fitted, and decalcification could occur under the band. In the mid-1960s, Dr George Newman, an orthodontist in Orange, New Jersey, and Professor Fujio Miura, chair of the Department of Orthodontics at Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan, pioneered the bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Many developments have occurred in the decades that followed, including many new adhesives, sophisticated base designs, new bracket materials, faster or more efficient curing methods, self-etching primers, fluoride-releasing agents, and sealants. The purpose of this article is to review the history of orthodontic bonding, especially the materials used in the bonding process.

History and current state of metal adhesion systems used in prosthesis fabrication and placement.

The adhesion techniques used in prosthetic dentistry have substantially improved with respect to retention of veneering resin to the metal framework of resin-veneered restorations and the bonding of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) to abutment teeth. In the early 1970s, prostheses relied on macromechanical retention for veneering surfaces and the retention holes of retainers. Later, retention was achieved by using small spherical particles. In addition, the use of small pits created by electrochemical corrosion was tested in resin-veneered restorations and RBFPDs. Thus, micromechanical retention gradually supplanted macromechanical retention. First-generation adhesive monomers were introduced at the end of the 1970s and were succeeded in the early 1980s by the marketing of adhesive resin cements, which were effective for use with non-noble alloys when surface oxidation procedures were used. In 1994, a second-generation adhesive primer for noble alloys was introduced, which prompted development of other adhesive primers. These primers were applied mainly to silver-palladium-copper-gold and type IV gold alloys and improved the reliability of RBFPDs. Recent studies have confirmed the effectiveness of such primers when used with high-gold-content metal ceramic alloys. Due to these developments, RBFPDs now have excellent esthetic characteristics.

La evolución de la adhesion a dentina / The history in dentinal adhesion

Se realiza una revisión a la historia de la adhesión comenzando en las culturas precolombinas ("era pre-adhesiva"), para continuar en la "era adhesiva" con las aportaciones de Buonocuore y la aparición del Bis-GMA, pasando por la incorporación al mercado dental de los fosfatos, los oxalatos, el sistema Gluma. Se analiza también la descripción de la capa híbrida por Nakabayashi, después aparecen los primeros acuosos y la hibridación de tejidos duros hasta llegar a los sistemas adhesivos autograbadores (AU)

An overview of dentin bonding history is done by the author since early south American cultures (pre-adhesive age) to continued in the adhesive age with Buonoccore's findings and the rise of Bis-GMA and the first dentin adhesives based on phosphate, oxalate and Gluma system. Nakabayashi's hybrid layer is described and the evolution of aqueous primers and hard tissues hybridation until arrival of newest self-etching adhesives (AU)

Bonding to enamel and dentin: a brief history and state of the art, 1995.

The acid-etch technique for bonding composite resins to enamel has revolutionized the practice of restorative dentistry. The ability of clinicians to bond restorative materials to enamel has fundamentally changed such diverse areas as cavity preparation, caries prevention, and esthetic treatment options. Although bonding of resin to dentin has proved to be a difficult challenge, ongoing advances are improving the reliability and predictability of dentinal adhesion. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief history of enamel and dentinal bonding, as well as an overview of the current state of the art.

Histórico dos adesivos dentinários / History of dentin bonding agents

Os autores fazem um levantamento histórico dos adesivos dentinários. Comentam as suas diferentes formulaçöes químicas para uma boa adesäo ao tecido dentinário, tentando, assim, compreender melhor o seu processo de evoluçäo